Article in Cast Iron Comprising a Vitreous Coating and Method of Manufacturing Such an Article

ABSTRACT

Provided is an article, particularly culinary, comprising a cast iron support having two opposite sides. The article comprises a vitreous coating in the form of at least a continuous layer of a sol-gel material comprising a matrix formed from at least a metal polyalkoxylate and at least a reactive or unreactive silicone oil, the layer of sol-gel material being deposited directly on one at least of the sides of said support, and the side provided with a vitreous coating has a surface roughness Ra ranging between 3 and 15 μm with a peak count per centimeter RPc ranging between 50 and 200. A method for manufacturing such an article is also provided.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION

This application claims priority to French Patent Application No.1260766 filed Nov. 13, 2012, the disclosure of which is herebyincorporated by reference in its entirety.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Field of the Invention

The present invention generally relates to an article in cast ironcomprising at least a side which has a specific roughness and isprovided with a vitreous coating comprising a silicone oil. The presentinvention also relates to a method for manufacturing a coatingsynthesized by sol-gel process from such an article.

2. Description of Related Art

By cast iron, is meant within the meaning of the present invention, acast iron of ferrous alloy type.

By vitreous coating, is meant within the meaning of the presentinvention, a liquid phase precursor based solution which is convertedinto a solid by a set of chemical reactions (hydrolysis andcondensation) at low temperature. The, thus obtained coating is anorganic-inorganic hybrid coating.

By organic-inorganic coating, is meant within the meaning of the presentinvention, a coating whereof the network is substantially inorganic, butwhich comprises organic groups, particularly due to the precursors usedand the curing temperature of the coating and presence of silicone oil.

In the field of sol-gel coatings, it is particularly known of thoseobtained from silicon based metallic alkoxydes (silanes) or aluminumbased ones (aluminates).These coatings are currently witnessing animportant development in the field of culinary articles, and moreparticularly those whereof the support is in stainless steel oraluminum. They are also used by way of non-stick coatings covering theinner cooking surface.

As regards cast iron articles, the protective and/or decorative coatingsknown to this day are based on enamel or vegetable oil.

As regards more particularly culinary articles in enameled cast iron,these are enameled on their inner side as well as on their outer sidewith matte or shiny enamels. Nevertheless, they have many drawbacks. Infact, for enameling a cast iron support, it is necessary to use a greyiron, with a chemical composition such that the mass percentage ofcarbon (with respect to the total weight of the support) ranges between3.2 and 3.7%, that of silicon ranging between 2.2 and 3%, that ofmanganese between 0.4 and 0.7%, that of phosphorous between 0.4 and 1%,and finally that of sulfur between 0.05 and 0.1% in weight. If this isnot taken into consideration, aspect defects in the enamel riskappearing after curing, for example black spots or apitting phenomenon.

However, before the enameling, an advanced mechanical treatment (strongshot-peening) is recommended in order to increase the superficialsurface of the support and remove the impurities left from the moldingof the article in the foundry iron, such as to improve the adherence ofthe enamel on the cast iron.

Furthermore, the enameling of the cast iron most of the time requires(apart from matte enamel) a double curing: a first curing at 800°C.-840° C. to degas the substrate before applying the second layer ofenamel; and a second curing for the second layer of enamel at 770-800°C. The enameling method of the cast iron is lengthy and highlyenergy-consuming, hence costly.

Finally, due to high curing temperatures and variations in thickness ofthe enamel layer or in the support, the risk of rejects (particularlyfor alignment type defects (metal defects reproduced by the coating) ishigh: it is often about 20% which is higher than an order of magnitudethat is generally observed with an enamel for aluminum.

Furthermore, cast iron articles coated with black-colored vegetable oilare usually attractive when new, but are known to be incompatible withhealthy and practical cooking. In addition, such articles are difficultto clean and exhibit, upon usage, low hardness and low resistance tooxidization. Finally aesthetic-wise, the use of a vegetable oil to covera cast iron support limits the range of colors to black.

However, the applicant has now developed a method making it possible todeposit a vitreous coating on a cast iron support that has dishwasherresistance and support adherence properties, which allows to prevent allthe aforementioned drawbacks. Furthermore, such a method makes itpossible to deposit a vitreous coating whereof the color can be selectedfrom a range of colors as varied as for an enamel coating (without beinglimited to black as is the case with vegetable oil).

It is known by the skilled person to use sol-gel coatings on cast ironarticles. However, these coatings are not directly in contact with thecast iron support of the article in as far as they are deposited on anintermediate enameled layer. For example, American patent application US2011/0111239 teaches of a non-stick coating for steel or cast ironsurfaces comprising a first layer of vitrified enamel obtained from acomposition of enamel frit heated at a temperature of the order of 700°C., whereof a portion is made rough and whereon is deposited a layer ofsol-gel coating obtained from metal alkoxydes. However, US 2011/0111239clearly teaches that the enamel/sol-gel bi-layer coating makes itpossible to avoid the drawbacks of an entirely sol-gel coating for castiron, which would hardly be non-stick, but also rough and able to becomeeasily corroded in the dishwasher.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The applicant has now proven that it is possible to solve the dishwasherresistance issue of a vitreous coating obtained by sol-gel processdeposited directly on the cast iron support by incorporating in themetal-polyalkoxylate based matrix of the vitreous coating a silicone oilthat is reactive or not. Furthermore, the adherence issue on the castiron support of the vitreous coating is resolved by a surface stateadapted to the deposit of a vitreous coating obtained by sol-gelprocess.

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

More particularly, the present invention relates to an articlecomprising a cast iron support having two opposite sides, characterizedin that it comprises a vitreous coating in the form of at least acontinuous layer of a sol-gel material comprising a matrix formed fromat least a metal polyalkoxylate and at least a reactive or unreactivesilicone oil, said layer of sol-gel material being deposited directly onone at least of the sides of said support, and in that said sideprovided with a vitreous coating has a surface roughness Ra rangingbetween 3 and 15 μm with a peak count per centimeter RPc ranging between50 and 200, and preferably between 90 and 120 according to EN 10049standard (“measurement of roughness average Ra and peak count RPc onmetallic flat products”.

With the formation by sol-gel process (by coating then drying andcuring) of a vitreous coating not requiring high curing (between 200° C.and 400° C.), it is possible to use, in the framework of the presentinvention, all types of cast iron and particularly a lamellar graphitecast iron (grey cast iron), spheroidal graphite cast iron (grey castiron), blackheart cast iron (malleable white cast iron), whiteheart castiron (malleable white cast iron), graphite free cast iron, or avermicular cast iron.

However, it is essential, to allow for a good adhesion of the vitreouscoating on the cast iron, that the latter has a surface roughness Raranging between 5 and 15 μm with a peak count RPc ranging between 20 and200 peaks per cm, as illustrated on FIG. 1. These two conditions (Ra andpeak count) are essential for obtaining a sufficient adherence of thevitreous coating on the cast iron. For equivalent roughness Ra, a toolow peak count will lead to cracking and a detachment of the coatingduring washing cycles in the dishwasher.

Advantageously, it could be used, within the framework of the presentinvention, a silicone oil having a kinematic viscosity at 20° C. from 10to 1000 10⁻⁶ m²s⁻¹. When the viscosity of the oil is too high(particularly higher than 1000 10⁻⁶ m²s⁻¹), its incorporation into thesol-gel matrix is unfavored, whereas when the viscosity of the oil istoo low (particularly lower than 10 10⁻⁶ m²s⁻¹), the incorporation ofthe oil is certainly easier, but the effectiveness of the sol-gelcoating with respect to dishwasher resistance is lesser.

It will preferably be used a reactive oil selected from amongchlorinated oils, amino oils, vinylated oils, epoxidized oils,methacrylated oils, hydroxylated oils and anhydride orhydride-terminated oils.

Advantageously, the metal polyalkoxylate of the matrix of the sol-gelmaterial of the vitreous coating according to the invention may compriseat least a polysiloxane.

Furthermore, the sol-gel material of the vitreous coating according tothe invention may further comprise at least 5% in weight with respect tothe total weight of the coating of at least a colloidal metal oxidedispersed in said matrix, this oxide can be selected from among thegroup comprising silica, alumina, titanium dioxide, cerium oxide, zincoxide, vanadium oxide and zirconium oxide.

Advantageously, the vitreous coating of the article according to theinvention may successively comprise based on the support:

-   -   a first continuous pigmented and/or flaky layer of sol-gel        material, this first layer being directly arranged on one of the        sides of the support and being itself covered with    -   a second continuous and transparent layer of sol-gel material,        able to be flaky,

The sol-gel materials of the first and second layers able to beidentical or different and each comprising a matrix formed based on atleast a metal polyalkoxylate and at least a reactive or unreactivesilicone oil.

Advantageously, the pigment able to be contained in the first layer maybe selected from among the thermally-stable pigments, metal salts,thermochrome semi-conductive pigments and their combinations.

Advantageously, the flakes that can be contained in the first and secondlayers can be selected from among the metal flakes (particularly inaluminum, in stainless steel, nickel, copper, iron, or alloy (Cu—Zn),mica flakes, mica flakes coated with titanium oxide and or an ironoxide, silica flakes coated with titanium dioxide, silica flakes coatedwith an iron oxide, natural mother-of-pearl in flakes.

According to a first particularly advantageous embodiment of thisbi-layer configuration (first pigmented and/or flaky layer covered witha second transparent layer able to be flaky), the article according tothe present invention may further comprise between the first and secondlayers of vitreous coating, a decoration with at least one patterncomprising at least one pigment.

Preferably, the decoration may be functional with a pattern comprising athermochrome pigment composition with at least a thermochromesemi-conductive pigment.

By way of thermochrome pigments usable within the framework of thepresent invention, it may particularly be cited ferric oxide Fe₂O₃ (forexample that commercialized by the Bayer company under brand nameBayferrox), the perylene red associated with a black pigment, andsemi-conductive metal oxides, which are preferably selected from amongthe following semi-conductors:

-   -   V₂O₅, which has a yellow orange color at ambient temperature,    -   Bi₂O₃, which has a near white color that is ever so slightly        yellow at ambient temperature,    -   BiVO₄, which is yellow at ambient temperature    -   WO₃, CeO₂, In₂O₃, very similar to Bi₂O₃, and    -   Fe₂O₃, which can be orange to brown at ambient temperature, and    -   SC pyrochlore Y_(1.84)Ca_(0.16)Ti_(1.84)V_(0.16)O_(1.84) which        is yellow orange at ambient temperature.

According to a second particularly advantageous embodiment of thisbi-layer configuration (first pigmented and/or flaky layer, covered witha second transparent layer, able to be flaky), the second layer ofvitreous coating and/or an intermediate layer arranged between the firstand second layers may comprise magnetizable particles, with at least anarea wherein said particles are substantially perpendicular to thesupport.

The magnetizable particles can come in different natures.

Within the framework of the present invention, the magnetizableparticles can advantageously be particles comprising at least aferromagnetic metal.

They can be of homogenous nature, that is to say constituted of the samematerial or of composite nature, that is to say that the magnetizableparticles have a core-shell structure, wherein the ferromagnetic metalis in the core and/or in the shell of said particles.

By way of examples of composite magnetizable particles, it mayparticularly be cited flakes of mica coated with ferric oxide Fe₂O₃ orstainless steel fibers coated with a sol-gel material, as a protectionagainst corrosion during the implementation steps of the coating, oreven flakes in plastic material coated in ferric oxide Fe₂O₃, or flakeswhereof the core is in ferromagnetic metal and the shell is in plasticmaterial or a sol-gel material.

The vitreous coating according to the invention may advantageouslyfurther comprise non magnetizable particles for improving thereinforcement of the coating, these non magnetizable particles beingincluded in the layer or layers of coating containing the magnetizableparticles.

These non magnetizable particles can be of any shape (spherical, fiberor flakes or <<irregular>>), of micrometric, or even nanometric size.

By way of non magnetizable particles usable within the framework of thepresent invention, it may be particularly cited mica flakes, or mica orsilica flakes coated in titanium dioxide.

The article according to the invention may advantageously be a culinaryarticle having an inner side able to receive food and an outer sideintended to be arranged towards the source of heat, said vitreouscoating being applied on one at least of said inner and outer sides, ora heating article such as a barbecue accessory, or a chimney accessory,a water heater tank, a fuel burning stove, a chimney evacuation duct, abathtub or even outdoor furniture (for example garden furniture).

The present invention further relates to a method for manufacturing avitreous coating directly on a support in cast iron, the methodcomprising the following steps:

-   -   a) providing and/or realizing the support having two opposite        sides;    -   b) treating the surface, particularly mechanically such as a        shot-peening or sanding or a laser etching of the side or sides        of the support intended to be coated, in order to obtain a        surface roughness Ra ranging between 5 and 15 μm with a peak        count ranging between 50 and 200 per centimeter;    -   c) preparing a sol-gel composition comprising at least a sol-gel        precursor of metal alkoxyde type and at least a silicone oil        that is reactive or not;    -   d) hydrolyzing said sol-gel precursor by introducing water and        an acid or base catalyst, followed by a partial condensation        reaction in order to obtain a sol-gel composition SG;    -   e) applying, directly on one at least of the sides of the        support, of at least a layer of sol-gel composition SG; and    -   f) curing at a temperature ranging between 200° C. and 400° C.

The method according to the invention is simplified (in particular theduration of the method is reduced) and energy efficient with respect toan enameling method. In fact, whether the vitreous coating is carriedout by applying one single layer or two layers of sol-gel composition,the method according to the invention only comprises one single step ofcuring which is carried out at temperatures that are well lower (of theorder of 200° to 400° C.) than those that are typically implemented inenameling methods (typically of the order of 800° C.).

Furthermore, the duration of the method according to the invention isalso well lower than that of the enameling method.

Finally, the treatment of the cast iron surface is advantageously amechanical treatment (typically of blasting or shot-peening type), lessharsh (that is to say lead to a surface state that is less rough) thanthat required by an enameling method), which also makes it possible toimprove the coating pace.

The mechanical surface treatment may be carried out within the frameworkof the present invention by any adapted medium having an angularmorphology, such as sand (blasting), corundum or a metal shot(shot-peening with steel, particularly stainless steel). The size of theblasting or shot-peening medium determines the profile of the obtainedroughness.

Blasting and shot-peening media with a size ranging between 35 and 140mesh (105 to 500 μm) are preferred. If the particle size is too high, atoo high Ra value and a too low peak count are obtained. The adherenceis good but the aspect of the coating becomes too rough. If the particlesize is too low, the Ra value is too low and the peak count is too high.Hence, adherence decreases.

Thanks to the low curing temperature of these coatings with respect tothe enamels and the low complexity of the method with respect to anenameling method, a good number of aspect defects are prevented, and thereject rate is much lower.

The silicone oil and the support are such as defined previously.

It is preferably used, by way of sol-gel precursor a metal alkoxydeselected from among the group constituted by:

-   -   the precursors with the general formula M₁(OR₁)_(n),    -   the precursors with the general formula M₂(OR₂)_((n-1))R₂′, and    -   the precursors with the general formula M₃(OR₃)_(n-2))R₃′₂,        with:

R₁R₂,R₃ or R₃′ designating an alkyl group in C₁-C₄,

R₂′ designating an alkyl or phenyl group in C₁-C₄,

n being an integer corresponding to the maximum valence of metals M₁, M₂or M₃,

M₁ M₂ or M₃ designating a metal selected from among Si, B, Zr, Ti, Al,V.

The metal alkoxyde can hence be advantageously selected, for example,from among the alkoxysilanes, aluminates, titanates, zirconates,vanadates, borates and their combinations.

It is preferably used an alkoxysilane by way of sol-gel precursor.

Advantageously, the method according to the invention may furtheradvantageously comprise between the steps e) and 1) a step of applyinge′) at least a layer of sol-gel composition on the opposite side to thatcoated previously with a sol-gel composition layer.

Advantageously, the method according to the invention may advantageouslyfurther comprise a drying at a temperature ranging between 40° C. and90° C., which is achieved between the application of the layer or layersof sol-gel composition and the curing f). The drying is particularlyrecommended when the sol-gel coating includes a decoration.

Preferably, the method according to the invention may comprise thefollowing steps in the case of a bi-layer application of sol-gelcompositions:

-   -   e1) it is applied directly on one at least of the sides of the        support, a first continuous pigmented and/or flaky layer of        sol-gel composition SG, whereon    -   e2) is applied a second continuous layer of sol-gel composition        exempt from pigments and able to contain flakes.

The pigments and flakes usable within the method of the invention aresuch as defined previously.

Advantageously, the method according to the invention may furthercomprise between the steps e1) and e2) of applying the first and secondlayers of sol-gel composition:

-   -   a step of drying of the first layer, then    -   a step of achieving a decoration comprising the application of        at least a layer of decoration comprising at least a pigment;        the application of the second layer being immediately followed        with a drying before the curing f).

If the pigment is a thermochrome semi-conductor (SC), the decorationwill be said to be functional as it will be able to be used by way oftemperature indicator. The SC thermochrome pigment is such as definedpreviously.

The invention is illustrated in further detail in the followingexamples. In these examples, unless otherwise specified, all percentagesand parts are expressed in mass percentage.

EXAMPLES Products

Supports:

-   -   in grey cast iron,    -   in white cast iron.

Silicone Oil:

Reactive methyl silicone oil commercialized by the Wacker company underbrand name reactive OEL CT101M.

Sol-Gel Composition:

-   -   Sol-gel precursor: methyltriethoxysilane (MTES)    -   Colloidal filler: colloidal silica in the form of an aqueous        solution at 30% silica, commercialized by the Clariant company        under brand name Klebosol,    -   Solvent: isopropanol.

Pigments

-   -   black mineral pigment commercialized by the Ferro company under        brand name “FA 1260”,    -   black mineral pigment commercialized by the Ferro company under        brand name “FA 1220”,

Tests

Dishwasher Resistance

A dishwasher resistance test is carried out by using a dishwasherdetergent commercialized by the Sun company under brand name “SUNTout-un” (registered trademark), in the form of tablets, and the stateof the ceramic coating deposited on the cast iron support is observedafter a given number of washing cycles.

Shock adherence/resistance: the shock resistance test of enameled pieces(gun test), according to standard NF ISO 4532 is used.

Example 1 (According to the Invention) Preparing a Sol-Gel CompositionSG According to the Invention Comprising a Methyl Silicone Oil

A first sol-gel composition SG1 is carried out according to theinvention whereof the composition is given in table 1 hereinafter:

TABLE 1 Composition SG1 Quantity (g) Aqueous solution at 30% ofcolloidal 26 silica: Klebosol Water 9 Isopropanol 5 Black pigment FA1220 22 Silicone oil Wacker OEL CT101M 0.6 Methyltriethoxysilane (MTES)37 Formic acid 0.4 TOTAL 100

Example 2 (Comparative) Preparing a Reference Sol-Gel Composition SGExempt of Silicone Oil

A second sol-gel composition SG2 (by way of comparison) is carried outwhereof the composition is given in table 2 hereinafter:

TABLE 2 Composition SG2 Quantity (g) Aqueous solution at 30% ofcolloidal 26 silica: Klebosol Water 9 Isopropanol 5 Black pigment FA1220 22.6 Methyltriethoxysilane (MTES) 37 Formic acid 0.4 TOTAL 100

Example 3 (According to the Invention) Realizing a Silicone Oil BasedVitreous Coating on a Support in Shot-Peened Grey Cast Iron

The sol-gel composition SG1 is applied by coating using the pneumaticgun on a shot-peened cast iron support with an angular stainless steelshot of a size of 90 mesh, such as to form a layer of sol-gel coating.The pre-shot-peened cast iron support has a surface roughness Ra of 7μum with a peak count per centimeter RPc of 60 peaks/cm.

Then a thermal treatment of the article is carried out at 250° C. during30 minutes, in order to densify the layer of sol-gel coating.

This article is then put into the dishwasher.

Following 100 cycles in the dishwasher, no deterioration is observed onthe coating.

Moreover, the shock resistance test is good, that is to say, that nobreak in the coating leaving the metal to appear is observed for anapplied impact force of 20 Newtons.

Example 4 (Comparative) Realizing a Vitreous Coating Exempt of SiliconeOil on a Support in Shot-Peened Grey Cast Iron

The sol-gel composition SG2 is applied by coating using the pneumaticgun on a cast iron support shot-peened with the same medium as inexample 3, such as to form a layer of sol-gel coating. Thepre-shot-peened cast iron support hence has a state of surface roughnesswhereof the characteristics are identical to those in example 3.

Then a thermal treatment of the article is carried out at 250° C. during30 minutes, in order to densify the layer of sol-gel coating.

This article is then put into the dishwasher.

It can be observed, that despite a good adherence of the coating on thecast iron (the mechanical shock test at 20 Newtons is good, no bits ofmetal are observed as in example 3) and an absence of cracking of thefilm of the vitreous coating, corrosion points are formed after 30cycles in the dishwasher. The hydrophobicity of the coating is henceinsufficient to keep the dishwasher water full of alkaline compounds(detergents) away, thus infiltrating the cast iron support, creatingthese corrosion points.

Example 5 (Comparative) Realizing a Silicone Oil Based Vitreous Coatingon a Non Shot-Peened Grey Cast Iron Support

The sol-gel composition SG1 is applied by coating using the pneumaticgun on a non shot-peened grey cast iron support such as to form a layerof sol-gel coating. The cast iron support is substantially smooth, themeasured Ra being of 1 μm.

Then a thermal treatment of the article is carried out at 250° C. during30 minutes, in order to densify the layer of sol-gel coating.

This article is then tested in the dishwasher.

Despite high hydrophobicity of the vitreous coating, a deterioration ofthe coating starting from 20 cycles in the dishwasher and a significantdetachment of this coating is observed: Hence, such a coating no longermakes it possible to protect the cast iron.

Moreover, the shock resistance test at 20 Newtons is not acceptable,bits of metal appear after a shock.

The comparison of example 3 with the comparative examples 4 and 5 showsthat the two claimed parameters (presence of silicone oil in the ceramiccoating, and shot-peening adapted to the cast iron) are essential forobtaining good dishwasher resistance of the vitreous coating.

Example 6 (According to the Invention) Realizing a Silicone Oil BasedVitreous Coating on a Shot-Peened White Cast Iron Support

Exactly the same embodiment of example 3 is taken, but on a white castiron support (instead of grey cast iron). The cast iron supportpre-shot-peened with a stainless steel shot of a size of 60 mesh has asurface roughness Ra of 6 μm with a peak count per centimeter RPc of 75peaks/cm.

The dishwasher resistance test results (100 cycles) and the shockresistance are good.

1. An article comprising a cast iron support having two opposite sides,characterized in that it comprises a vitreous coating in the form of atleast a continuous layer of a sol-gel material comprising a matrixformed from at least a metal polyalkoxylate and at least a reactive orunreactive silicone oil, said layer of sol-gel material being depositeddirectly on one at least of the sides of said support, and in that saidside provided with a vitreous coating has a surface roughness Ra rangingbetween 3 and 15 μm with a peak count per centimeter RPc ranging between50 and
 200. 2. The article according to claim 1, wherein the peak countper centimeter of the side provided with a vitreous coating rangesbetween 90 and
 120. 3. The article according to claim 1, wherein thesupport is in lamellar graphite cast iron, or spheroidal graphite castiron, or blackheart cast iron, or whiteheart cast iron, or graphite freecast iron, or even vermicular cast iron.
 4. The article according toclaim 1, wherein the silicone oil has a kinematic viscosity at 20° C. of10 to 1000 10⁻⁶ m²s⁻¹.
 5. The article according to claim 1, wherein thesilicone oil is a reactive oil selected from among chlorinated oils,amino oils, vinylated oils, epoxidized oils, methacrylated oils,hydroxylated oils and anhydride or hydride-terminated oils.
 6. Thearticle according to claim 1, wherein the metal polyalkoxylate comprisesat least a polysiloxane.
 7. The article according to claim 1, whereinthe sol-gel material further comprises at least 5% by weight withrespect to the total weight of the coating of at least a colloidal metaloxide dispersed in said matrix, said oxide being selected from among thegroup comprising silica, alumina, titanium dioxide, cerium oxide, zincoxide, vanadium oxide and zirconium oxide.
 8. The article according toclaim 1, wherein the vitreous coating successively comprises based onone of the sides of the support: a first continuous pigmented and/orflaky layer of sol-gel material, said first layer being directlyarranged on one of the sides of said support and being itself coveredwith a second continuous and transparent layer of sol-gel material, ableto be flaky, and wherein the sol-gel materials of the first and secondlayers being identical or different and each comprising a matrix formedbased on at least a metal polyalkoxylate and at least a reactive orunreactive silicone oil.
 9. The article according to claim 8, whereinthe pigment of the first layer is selected from among thethermally-stable pigments, metal salts, thermochrome semi-conductivepigments and their combinations.
 10. The article according to claim 8,wherein the flakes of the first and second layers are selected fromamong metal flakes, mica flakes, mica flakes coated with titanium oxideand or an iron oxide, silica flakes coated with titanium dioxide, silicaflakes coated with an iron oxide, natural mother-of-pearl in flakes. 11.The article according to claim 8, further comprising, between the firstand second layer of vitreous coating, a decoration with at least onepattern comprising at least a pigment.
 12. The article according toclaim 11, wherein the decoration is functional and said patterncomprises a thermochrome pigment composition with at least athermochrome semi-conductive pigment and optionally a thermally-stablepigment.
 13. The article according to claim 8, wherein the second layerof the vitreous coating and/or an intermediate layer arranged betweenthe first and second layers comprise magnetizable particles, with atleast an area wherein said particles are substantially perpendicular tothe support.
 14. The article according to claim 13, wherein saidmagnetizable particles comprise at least a ferromagnetic metal.
 15. Thearticle according to claim 1, which is a culinary article having aninner side able to receive food and an outer side intended to bearranged towards the source of heat, said vitreous coating being appliedon one at least of said inner and outer sides.
 16. The article accordingto claim 1, which is a heating article selected from among barbecueaccessories, chimney accessories, water heater tanks, fuel burningstoves, chimney evacuation ducts, bathtubs and outdoor furniture such asgarden furniture.
 17. A method for manufacturing a vitreous coatingdirectly on a cast iron support, said method comprising the followingsteps: a) providing and/or realizing the support having two oppositesides; b) treating the surface of the side or sides of the supportintended to be coated, in order to obtain a surface roughness Ra rangingbetween 5 and 15 μm with a peak count ranging between 50 and 200 percentimeter; c) preparing a sol-gel composition comprising at least asol-gel precursor of metal alkoxyde type and at least a silicone oilthat is reactive or not; d) hydrolyzing said sol-gel precursor byintroducing water and an acid or base catalyst, followed by a partialcondensation reaction in order to obtain a sol-gel composition SG; e)applying, directly on one at least of the sides of the support, of atleast a layer of sol-gel composition SG; and f) curing at a temperatureranging between 200° C. and 400° C.
 18. The method according to claim17, further comprising between steps e) and f) a step of applying e′) ofat least a layer of sol-gel composition on the opposite side to thatpreviously coated with a layer of sol-gel composition.
 19. The methodaccording to claim 17, wherein it further comprises a drying at atemperature ranging between 40° C. and 90° C., which is carried outbetween the application of the layer or layers of sol-gel compositionand the curing f).
 20. The method according to claim 17, wherein: e1)applying, directly on one at least of the sides of the support, a firstcontinuous pigmented and/or flaky layer of sol-gel composition SG;whereon e2) is applied a second continuous layer of a sol-gelcomposition exempt from pigments and able to contain flakes.
 21. Themethod according to claim 20, further comprising, between the steps e1)and e2) of applying first and second layers of sol-gel composition: astep of drying of the first layer, then a step of achieving a functionaldecoration comprising the application of at least a layer of decorationcomprising at least a semi-conductive thermochrome pigment; and whereinthe application of the second layer is immediately followed with adrying before curing f).
 22. The method according to claim 17, whereinthe surface treatment of the support is a mechanical surface treatment,preferably a blasting or a shot-peening.